V.3.4. THE PARISIAN UPHEAVAL OVERWHELMS EUROPE

"SADDLE YOUR HORSES, GENTLEMEN! FRANCE HAS DECLARED A REPUBLIC," CRIES THE TSAR INTERRUPTING A MAZURKA

He calls up the army but insurrections bar its way, and monarchists view the event with terror:

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The serpent of revolution threatens the kings: Louis-Philippe, far right, has already lost his crown.

                                                             

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Rebels' tricolor flags follow the French banner:* vertical stripes for a republic, horizontal for a monarchy — 

*Like most flags with blocs of three colors today.

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Berlin

Barricade on the Breiten Strass of Berlin in March 1848, artist unknown / zoom

Baden

  Death of General Friedrich von Gagern at the Bataille of Kandern, lithograph of the time / zoom

Vienna

        Barricade near the University, May 1848, lithograph of Franz Werner / zoom

    Serbia

   The "May Assembly" of the Autonomous Region of Vojvodina by Pavle Simic / zoom

Venice

   Daniele Manin proclaims the Republic of San Marco, March 22, lithograph, toward 1850 / zoom 

Milan

        Episode of the Five Days of Milan by Baldassare Verazzi / zoom

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In all these pictures the rebels wear frock coats and top hats:

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These are bourgeois insurrections

 against monarchies that brake nascent capitalism.

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Next,

5.3.5. 

Feudal rulers emerge still stronger